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  <div class="section" id="http-messages">
<h1>HTTP Messages<a class="headerlink" href="#http-messages" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
<p>The Message class provides an interface to the portions of an HTTP message that are common to both
requests and responses, including the message body, protocol version, utilities for working with
the headers, and methods for handling content negotiation.</p>
<p>This class is the parent class that both the <a class="reference internal" href="request.html"><span class="doc">Request Class</span></a> and the
<a class="reference internal" href="../outgoing/response.html"><span class="doc">Response Class</span></a> extend from. As such, some methods, such as the content
negotiation methods, may apply only to a request or response, and not the other one, but they have
been included here to keep the header methods together.</p>
<div class="section" id="what-is-content-negotiation">
<h2>What is Content Negotiation?<a class="headerlink" href="#what-is-content-negotiation" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>At it’s heart Content Negotiation is simply a part of the HTTP specification that allows a single
resource to serve more than one type of content, allowing the clients to request the type of
data that works best for them.</p>
<p>A classic example of this is a browser that cannot display PNG files can request only GIF or
JPEG images. When the getServer receives the request, it looks at the available file types the client
is requesting and selects the best match from the image formats that it supports, in this case
likely choosing a JPEG image to return.</p>
<p>This same negotiation can happen with four types of data:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><strong>Media/Document Type</strong> - this could be image format, or HTML vs. XML or JSON.</li>
<li><strong>Character Set</strong> - The character set the returned document should be set in. Typically is UTF-8.</li>
<li><strong>Document Encoding</strong> - Typically the type of compression used on the results.</li>
<li><strong>Document Language</strong> - For sites that support multiple languages, this helps determine which to return.</li>
</ul>
<div class="section" id="class-reference">
<h3>Class Reference<a class="headerlink" href="#class-reference" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<dl class="class">
<dt>
<code class="descname">CodeIgniter\HTTP\Message</code></dt>
<dd><dl class="method">
<dt id="getBody">
<code class="descname">getBody</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#getBody" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body">The current message body</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body">mixed</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Returns the current message body, if any has been set. If not body exists, returns null:</p>
<div class="highlight-html+php notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nv">$message</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">getBody</span><span class="p">();</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="method">
<dt id="setBody">
<code class="descname">setBody</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$data</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#setBody" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$data</strong> (<em>mixed</em>) – The body of the message.</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">the Message|Response instance to allow methods to be chained together.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">CodeIgniter\HTTP\Message|CodeIgniter\HTTP\Response</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Sets the body of the current request.</p>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="method">
<dt id="appendBody">
<code class="descname">appendBody</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$data</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#appendBody" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$data</strong> (<em>mixed</em>) – The body of the message.</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">the Message|Response instance to allow methods to be chained together.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">CodeIgniter\HTTP\Message|CodeIgniter\HTTP\Response</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Appends data to the body of the current request.</p>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="method">
<dt id="populateHeaders">
<code class="descname">populateHeaders</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#populateHeaders" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body">void</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Scans and parses the headers found in the SERVER data and stores it for later access.
This is used by the <a class="reference internal" href="incomingrequest.html"><span class="doc">IncomingRequest Class</span></a> to make
the current request’s headers available.</p>
<p>The headers are any SERVER data that starts with <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">HTTP_</span></code>, like <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">HTTP_HOST</span></code>. Each message
is converted from it’s standard uppercase and underscore format to a ucwords and dash format.
The preceding <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">HTTP_</span></code> is removed from the string. So <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">HTTP_ACCEPT_LANGUAGE</span></code> becomes
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Accept-Language</span></code>.</p>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="method">
<dt id="headers">
<code class="descname">headers</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#headers" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body">An array of all of the headers found.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body">array</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Returns an array of all headers found or previously set.</p>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="method">
<dt id="header">
<code class="descname">header</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$name</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#header" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$name</strong> (<em>string</em>) – The name of the header you want to retrieve the value of.</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">Returns a single header object. If multiple headers with the same name exist, then will return an array of header objects.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">CodeIgniter\HTTP\Header|array</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Allows you to retrieve the current value of a single message header. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">$name</span></code> is the case-insensitive header name.
While the header is converted internally as described above, you can access the header with any type of case:</p>
<div class="highlight-html+php notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c1">// These are all the same:</span>
<span class="nv">$message</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">header</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;HOST&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="nv">$message</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">header</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;Host&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="nv">$message</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">header</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;host&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>If the header has multiple values, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">getValue()</span></code> will return as an array of values. You can use the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">getValueLine()</span></code>
method to retrieve the values as a string:</p>
<div class="highlight-html+php notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nv">$message</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">header</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;Accept-Language&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>

<span class="c1">// Outputs something like:</span>
<span class="s1">&#39;Accept-Language: en,en-US&#39;</span>

<span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nv">$message</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">header</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;Accept-Language&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">getValue</span><span class="p">();</span>

<span class="c1">// Outputs something like:</span>
<span class="p">[</span>
    <span class="s1">&#39;en&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
    <span class="s1">&#39;en-US&#39;</span>
<span class="p">]</span>

<span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nv">$message</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">header</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;Accept-Language&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">getValueLine</span><span class="p">();</span>

<span class="c1">// Outputs something like:</span>
<span class="s1">&#39;en,en-US&#39;</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>You can filter the header by passing a filter value in as the second parameter:</p>
<div class="highlight-html+php notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$message</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">header</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;Document-URI&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">FILTER_SANITIZE_URL</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="method">
<dt id="hasHeader">
<code class="descname">hasHeader</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$name</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#hasHeader" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$name</strong> (<em>string</em>) – The name of the header you want to see if it exists.</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">Returns TRUE if it exists, FALSE otherwise.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">bool</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="method">
<dt id="getHeaderLine">
<code class="descname">getHeaderLine</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$name</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#getHeaderLine" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$name</strong> (<em>string</em>) – The name of the header to retrieve.</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">A string representing the header value.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Returns the value(s) of the header as a string. This method allows you to easily get a string representation
of the header values when the header has multiple values. The values are appropriately joined:</p>
<div class="highlight-html+php notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nv">$message</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">getHeaderLine</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;Accept-Language&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>

<span class="c1">// Outputs:</span>
<span class="nx">en</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">en</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="nx">US</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="method">
<dt id="setHeader">
<code class="descname">setHeader</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$name</em>, <em>$value</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#setHeader" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$name</strong> (<em>string</em>) – The name of the header to set the value for.</li>
<li><strong>$value</strong> (<em>mixed</em>) – The value to set the header to.</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">The current Message|Response instance</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">CodeIgniter\HTTP\Message|CodeIgniter\HTTP\Response</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Sets the value of a single header. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">$name</span></code> is the case-insensitive name of the header. If the header
doesn’t already exist in the collection, it will be created. The <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">$value</span></code> can be either a string
or an array of strings:</p>
<div class="highlight-html+php notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$message</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">setHeader</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;Host&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;codeigniter.com&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="method">
<dt id="removeHeader">
<code class="descname">removeHeader</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$name</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#removeHeader" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$name</strong> (<em>string</em>) – The name of the header to remove.</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">The current message instance</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">CodeIgniter\HTTP\Message</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Removes the header from the Message. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">$name</span></code> is the case-insensitive name of the header:</p>
<div class="highlight-html+php notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$message</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">removeHeader</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;Host&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="method">
<dt id="appendHeader">
<code class="descname">appendHeader</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$name</em>, <em>$value</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#appendHeader" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$name</strong> (<em>string</em>) – The name of the header to modify</li>
<li><strong>$value</strong> (<em>string</em>) – The value to add to the header.</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">The current message instance</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">CodeIgniter\HTTP\Message</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Adds a value to an existing header. The header must already be an array of values instead of a single string.
If it is a string then a LogicException will be thrown.</p>
<div class="highlight-html+php notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$message</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">appendHeader</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;Accept-Language&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;en-US; q=0.8&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="method">
<dt id="prependHeader">
<code class="descname">prependHeader</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$name</em>, <em>$value</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#prependHeader" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$name</strong> (<em>string</em>) – The name of the header to modify</li>
<li><strong>$value</strong> (<em>string</em>) – The value to prepend to the header.</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">The current message instance</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">CodeIgniter\HTTP\Message</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Prepends a value to an existing header. The header must already be an array of values instead of a single string.
If it is a string then a LogicException will be thrown.</p>
<div class="highlight-html+php notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$message</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">prependHeader</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;Accept-Language&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;en,&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="method">
<dt id="getProtocolVersion">
<code class="descname">getProtocolVersion</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#getProtocolVersion" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body">The current HTTP protocol version</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body">string</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Returns the message’s current HTTP protocol. If none has been set, will return <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">null</span></code>.
Acceptable values are <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">1.0</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">1.1</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">2.0</span></code>.</p>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="method">
<dt id="setProtocolVersion">
<code class="descname">setProtocolVersion</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$version</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#setProtocolVersion" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$version</strong> (<em>string</em>) – The HTTP protocol version</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">The current message instance</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">CodeIgniter\HTTP\Message</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Sets the HTTP protocol version this Message uses. Valid values are <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">1.0</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">1.1</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">2.0</span></code>:</p>
<div class="highlight-html+php notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$message</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">setProtocolVersion</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;1.1&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</dd></dl>

</dd></dl>

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