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  <div class="section" id="error-handling">
<h1>Error Handling<a class="headerlink" href="#error-handling" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
<p>CodeIgniter builds error reporting into your system through Exceptions, both the <a class="reference external" href="https://www.php.net/manual/en/spl.exceptions.php">SPL collection</a>, as
well as a few custom exceptions that are provided by the framework. Depending on your environment’s setup,
the default action when an error or exception is thrown is to display a detailed error report unless the application
is running under the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">production</span></code> environment. In this case, a more generic message is displayed to
keep the best user experience for your users.</p>
<div class="contents local topic" id="contents">
<ul class="simple">
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#using-exceptions" id="id1">Using Exceptions</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#configuration" id="id2">Configuration</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#logging-exceptions" id="id3">Logging Exceptions</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#custom-exceptions" id="id4">Custom Exceptions</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#pagenotfoundexception" id="id5">PageNotFoundException</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#configexception" id="id6">ConfigException</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#databaseexception" id="id7">DatabaseException</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#redirectexception" id="id8">RedirectException</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="section" id="using-exceptions">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id1">Using Exceptions</a><a class="headerlink" href="#using-exceptions" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>This section is a quick overview for newer programmers, or for developers who are not experienced with using exceptions.</p>
<p>Exceptions are simply events that happen when the exception is “thrown”. This halts the current flow of the script, and
execution is then sent to the error handler which displays the appropriate error page:</p>
<div class="highlight-html+php notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">throw</span> <span class="k">new</span> <span class="nx">\Exception</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;Some message goes here&quot;</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>If you are calling a method that might throw an exception, you can catch that exception using a <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">try/catch</span></code> block:</p>
<div class="highlight-html+php notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">try</span>
<span class="p">{</span>
    <span class="nv">$user</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nv">$userModel</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">find</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$id</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="k">catch</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">\Exception</span> <span class="nv">$e</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="p">{</span>
    <span class="k">die</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$e</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">getMessage</span><span class="p">());</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>If the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">$userModel</span></code> throws an exception, it is caught and the code within the catch block is executed. In this example,
the scripts dies, echoing the error message that the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">UserModel</span></code> defined.</p>
<p>In the example above, we catch any type of Exception. If we only want to watch for specific types of exceptions, like
a <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">UnknownFileException</span></code>, we can specify that in the catch parameter. Any other exceptions that are thrown and are
not child classes of the caught exception will be passed on to the error handler:</p>
<div class="highlight-html+php notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">catch</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">\CodeIgniter\UnknownFileException</span> <span class="nv">$e</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="p">{</span>
    <span class="c1">// do something here...</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>This can be handy for handling the error yourself, or for performing cleanup before the script ends. If you want
the error handler to function as normal, you can throw a new exception within the catch block:</p>
<div class="highlight-html+php notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">catch</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">\CodeIgniter\UnknownFileException</span> <span class="nv">$e</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="p">{</span>
    <span class="c1">// do something here...</span>

    <span class="k">throw</span> <span class="k">new</span> <span class="nx">\RuntimeException</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$e</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">getMessage</span><span class="p">(),</span> <span class="nv">$e</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">getCode</span><span class="p">(),</span> <span class="nv">$e</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="configuration">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id2">Configuration</a><a class="headerlink" href="#configuration" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>By default, CodeIgniter will display all errors in the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">development</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">testing</span></code> environments, and will not
display any errors in the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">production</span></code> environment. You can change this by setting the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">CI_ENVIRONMENT</span></code> variable
in the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">.env</span></code> file.</p>
<div class="admonition important">
<p class="first admonition-title">Important</p>
<p class="last">Disabling error reporting DOES NOT stop logs from being written if there are errors.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="logging-exceptions">
<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id3">Logging Exceptions</a><a class="headerlink" href="#logging-exceptions" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<p>By default, all Exceptions other than 404 - Page Not Found exceptions are logged. This can be turned on and off
by setting the <strong>$log</strong> value of <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Config\Exceptions</span></code>:</p>
<div class="highlight-html+php notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">Exceptions</span>
<span class="p">{</span>
    <span class="k">public</span> <span class="nv">$log</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">true</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>To ignore logging on other status codes, you can set the status code to ignore in the same file:</p>
<div class="highlight-html+php notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">Exceptions</span>
<span class="p">{</span>
    <span class="k">public</span> <span class="nv">$ignoredCodes</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[</span> <span class="mi">404</span> <span class="p">];</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
<p class="last">It is possible that logging still will not happen for exceptions if your current Log settings
are not set up to log <strong>critical</strong> errors, which all exceptions are logged as.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="custom-exceptions">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id4">Custom Exceptions</a><a class="headerlink" href="#custom-exceptions" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>The following custom exceptions are available:</p>
<div class="section" id="pagenotfoundexception">
<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id5">PageNotFoundException</a><a class="headerlink" href="#pagenotfoundexception" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<p>This is used to signal a 404, Page Not Found error. When thrown, the system will show the view found at
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">/app/views/errors/html/error_404.php</span></code>. You should customize all of the error views for your site.
If, in <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Config/Routes.php</span></code>, you have specified a 404 Override, that will be called instead of the standard
404 page:</p>
<div class="highlight-html+php notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="o">!</span> <span class="nv">$page</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nv">$pageModel</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">find</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$id</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="p">{</span>
    <span class="k">throw</span> <span class="nx">\CodeIgniter\Exceptions\PageNotFoundException</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="na">forPageNotFound</span><span class="p">();</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>You can pass a message into the exception that will be displayed in place of the default message on the 404 page.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="configexception">
<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id6">ConfigException</a><a class="headerlink" href="#configexception" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<p>This exception should be used when the values from the configuration class are invalid, or when the config class
is not the right type, etc:</p>
<div class="highlight-html+php notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">throw</span> <span class="k">new</span> <span class="nx">\CodeIgniter\Exceptions\ConfigException</span><span class="p">();</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>This provides an HTTP status code of 500 and an exit code of 3.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="databaseexception">
<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id7">DatabaseException</a><a class="headerlink" href="#databaseexception" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<p>This exception is thrown for database errors, such as when the database connection cannot be created,
or when it is temporarily lost:</p>
<div class="highlight-html+php notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">throw</span> <span class="k">new</span> <span class="nx">\CodeIgniter\Database\Exceptions\DatabaseException</span><span class="p">();</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>This provides an HTTP status code of 500 and an exit code of 8.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="redirectexception">
<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id8">RedirectException</a><a class="headerlink" href="#redirectexception" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<p>This exception is a special case allowing for overriding of all other response routing and
forcing a redirect to a specific route or URL:</p>
<div class="highlight-html+php notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">throw</span> <span class="k">new</span> <span class="nx">\CodeIgniter\Router\Exceptions\RedirectException</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$route</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">$route</span></code> may be a named route, relative URI, or a complete URL. You can also supply a
redirect code to use instead of the default (<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">302</span></code>, “temporary redirect”):</p>
<div class="highlight-html+php notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">throw</span> <span class="k">new</span> <span class="nx">\CodeIgniter\Router\Exceptions\RedirectException</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$route</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">301</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
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