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  <div class="section" id="database-configuration">
<h1>Database Configuration<a class="headerlink" href="#database-configuration" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
<div class="contents local topic" id="contents">
<ul class="simple">
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#configuring-with-env-file" id="id1">Configuring With .env File</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#explanation-of-values" id="id2">Explanation of Values:</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<p>CodeIgniter has a config file that lets you store your database
connection values (username, password, database name, etc.). The config
file is located at <strong>app/Config/Database.php</strong>. You can also set
database connection values in the .env file. See below for more details.</p>
<p>The config settings are stored in a class property that is an array with this
prototype:</p>
<div class="highlight-html+php notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">public</span> <span class="nv">$default</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[</span>
    <span class="s1">&#39;DSN&#39;</span>      <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
    <span class="s1">&#39;hostname&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;localhost&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
    <span class="s1">&#39;username&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;root&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
    <span class="s1">&#39;password&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
    <span class="s1">&#39;database&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;database_name&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
    <span class="s1">&#39;DBDriver&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;MySQLi&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
    <span class="s1">&#39;DBPrefix&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
    <span class="s1">&#39;pConnect&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="k">TRUE</span><span class="p">,</span>
    <span class="s1">&#39;DBDebug&#39;</span>  <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="k">TRUE</span><span class="p">,</span>
    <span class="s1">&#39;charset&#39;</span>  <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;utf8&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
    <span class="s1">&#39;DBCollat&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;utf8_general_ci&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
    <span class="s1">&#39;swapPre&#39;</span>  <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
    <span class="s1">&#39;encrypt&#39;</span>  <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="k">FALSE</span><span class="p">,</span>
    <span class="s1">&#39;compress&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="k">FALSE</span><span class="p">,</span>
    <span class="s1">&#39;strictOn&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="k">FALSE</span><span class="p">,</span>
    <span class="s1">&#39;failover&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="p">[],</span>
<span class="p">];</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>The name of the class property is the connection name, and can be used
while connecting to specify a group name.</p>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
<p class="last">The default location of the SQLite3 database is in the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">writable</span></code> folder.
If you want to change the location, you must set the full path to the new folder.</p>
</div>
<p>Some database drivers (such as PDO, PostgreSQL, Oracle, ODBC) might
require a full DSN string to be provided. If that is the case, you
should use the ‘DSN’ configuration setting, as if you’re using the
driver’s underlying native PHP extension, like this:</p>
<div class="highlight-html+php notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c1">// PDO</span>
<span class="nv">$default</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;DSN&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;pgsql:host=localhost;port=5432;dbname=database_name&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>

<span class="c1">// Oracle</span>
<span class="nv">$default</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;DSN&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;//localhost/XE&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
<p class="last">If you do not specify a DSN string for a driver that requires it, CodeIgniter
will try to build it with the rest of the provided settings.</p>
</div>
<p>You can also set a Data Source Name in universal manner (URL like). In that case DSNs must have this prototype:</p>
<div class="highlight-html+php notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$default</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;DSN&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;DBDriver://username:password@hostname:port/database&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>To override default config values when connecting with a universal version of the DSN string,
add the config variables as a query string:</p>
<div class="highlight-html+php notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c1">// MySQLi</span>
<span class="nv">$default</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;DSN&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;MySQLi://username:password@hostname:3306/database?charset=utf8&amp;DBCollat=utf8_general_ci&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="c1">// Postgre</span>
<span class="nv">$default</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;DSN&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;Postgre://username:password@hostname:5432/database?charset=utf8&amp;connect_timeout=5&amp;sslmode=1&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
<p class="last">If you provide a DSN string and it is missing some valid settings (e.g., the
database character set), which are present in the rest of the configuration
fields, CodeIgniter will append them.</p>
</div>
<p>You can also specify failovers for the situation when the main connection cannot connect for some reason.
These failovers can be specified by setting the failover for a connection like this:</p>
<div class="highlight-html+php notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$default</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;failover&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[</span>
    <span class="p">[</span>
        <span class="s1">&#39;hostname&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;localhost1&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
        <span class="s1">&#39;username&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
        <span class="s1">&#39;password&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
        <span class="s1">&#39;database&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
        <span class="s1">&#39;DBDriver&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;MySQLi&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
        <span class="s1">&#39;DBPrefix&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
        <span class="s1">&#39;pConnect&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="k">TRUE</span><span class="p">,</span>
        <span class="s1">&#39;DBDebug&#39;</span>  <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="k">TRUE</span><span class="p">,</span>
        <span class="s1">&#39;charset&#39;</span>  <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;utf8&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
        <span class="s1">&#39;DBCollat&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;utf8_general_ci&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
        <span class="s1">&#39;swapPre&#39;</span>  <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
        <span class="s1">&#39;encrypt&#39;</span>  <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="k">FALSE</span><span class="p">,</span>
        <span class="s1">&#39;compress&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="k">FALSE</span><span class="p">,</span>
        <span class="s1">&#39;strictOn&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="k">FALSE</span>
    <span class="p">],</span>
    <span class="p">[</span>
        <span class="s1">&#39;hostname&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;localhost2&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
        <span class="s1">&#39;username&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
        <span class="s1">&#39;password&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
        <span class="s1">&#39;database&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
        <span class="s1">&#39;DBDriver&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;MySQLi&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
        <span class="s1">&#39;DBPrefix&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
        <span class="s1">&#39;pConnect&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="k">TRUE</span><span class="p">,</span>
        <span class="s1">&#39;DBDebug&#39;</span>  <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="k">TRUE</span><span class="p">,</span>
        <span class="s1">&#39;charset&#39;</span>  <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;utf8&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
        <span class="s1">&#39;DBCollat&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;utf8_general_ci&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
        <span class="s1">&#39;swapPre&#39;</span>  <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
        <span class="s1">&#39;encrypt&#39;</span>  <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="k">FALSE</span><span class="p">,</span>
        <span class="s1">&#39;compress&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="k">FALSE</span><span class="p">,</span>
        <span class="s1">&#39;strictOn&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="k">FALSE</span>
    <span class="p">]</span>
<span class="p">];</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>You can specify as many failovers as you like.</p>
<p>You may optionally store multiple sets of connection
values. If, for example, you run multiple environments (development,
production, test, etc.) under a single installation, you can set up a
connection group for each, then switch between groups as needed. For
example, to set up a “test” environment you would do this:</p>
<div class="highlight-html+php notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">public</span> <span class="nv">$test</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[</span>
    <span class="s1">&#39;DSN&#39;</span>      <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
    <span class="s1">&#39;hostname&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;localhost&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
    <span class="s1">&#39;username&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;root&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
    <span class="s1">&#39;password&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
    <span class="s1">&#39;database&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;database_name&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
    <span class="s1">&#39;DBDriver&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;MySQLi&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
    <span class="s1">&#39;DBPrefix&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
    <span class="s1">&#39;pConnect&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="k">TRUE</span><span class="p">,</span>
    <span class="s1">&#39;DBDebug&#39;</span>  <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="k">TRUE</span><span class="p">,</span>
    <span class="s1">&#39;charset&#39;</span>  <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;utf8&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
    <span class="s1">&#39;DBCollat&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;utf8_general_ci&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
    <span class="s1">&#39;swapPre&#39;</span>  <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
    <span class="s1">&#39;compress&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="k">FALSE</span><span class="p">,</span>
    <span class="s1">&#39;encrypt&#39;</span>  <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="k">FALSE</span><span class="p">,</span>
    <span class="s1">&#39;strictOn&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="k">FALSE</span><span class="p">,</span>
    <span class="s1">&#39;failover&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="p">[]</span>
<span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Then, to globally tell the system to use that group you would set this
variable located in the config file:</p>
<div class="highlight-html+php notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$defaultGroup</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;test&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
<p class="last">The name ‘test’ is arbitrary. It can be anything you want. By
default we’ve used the word “default” for the primary connection,
but it too can be renamed to something more relevant to your project.</p>
</div>
<p>You could modify the config file to detect the environment and automatically
update the <cite>defaultGroup</cite> value to the correct one by adding the required logic
within the class’ constructor:</p>
<div class="highlight-html+php notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">Database</span>
<span class="p">{</span>
    <span class="k">public</span> <span class="nv">$development</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="o">...</span><span class="p">];</span>
    <span class="k">public</span> <span class="nv">$test</span>        <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="o">...</span><span class="p">];</span>
    <span class="k">public</span> <span class="nv">$production</span>  <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="o">...</span><span class="p">];</span>

    <span class="k">public</span> <span class="k">function</span> <span class="fm">__construct</span><span class="p">()</span>
    <span class="p">{</span>
        <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">defaultGroup</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">ENVIRONMENT</span><span class="p">;</span>
    <span class="p">}</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="configuring-with-env-file">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id1">Configuring With .env File</a><a class="headerlink" href="#configuring-with-env-file" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>You can also save your configuration values within a <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">.env</span></code> file with the current server’s
database settings. You only need to enter the values that change from what is in the
default group’s configuration settings. The values should be name following this format, where
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">default</span></code> is the group name:</p>
<div class="highlight-html+php notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nx">database</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="k">default</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="nx">username</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;root&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nx">database</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="k">default</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="nx">password</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nx">database</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="k">default</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="nx">database</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;ci4&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>As with all other</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="explanation-of-values">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id2">Explanation of Values:</a><a class="headerlink" href="#explanation-of-values" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<table border="1" class="docutils">
<colgroup>
<col width="12%" />
<col width="88%" />
</colgroup>
<thead valign="bottom">
<tr class="row-odd"><th class="head">Name Config</th>
<th class="head">Description</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="row-even"><td><strong>dsn</strong></td>
<td>The DSN connect string (an all-in-one configuration sequence).</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><strong>hostname</strong></td>
<td>The hostname of your database server. Often this is ‘localhost’.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><strong>username</strong></td>
<td>The username used to connect to the database.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><strong>password</strong></td>
<td>The password used to connect to the database.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><strong>database</strong></td>
<td>The name of the database you want to connect to.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><strong>DBDriver</strong></td>
<td>The database type. e.g.,: MySQLi, Postgre, etc. The case must match the driver name</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><strong>DBPrefix</strong></td>
<td>An optional table prefix which will added to the table name when running
<a class="reference internal" href="query_builder.html"><span class="doc">Query Builder</span></a> queries. This permits multiple CodeIgniter
installations to share one database.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><strong>pConnect</strong></td>
<td>TRUE/FALSE (boolean) - Whether to use a persistent connection.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><strong>DBDebug</strong></td>
<td>TRUE/FALSE (boolean) - Whether database errors should be displayed.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><strong>charset</strong></td>
<td>The character set used in communicating with the database.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><strong>DBCollat</strong></td>
<td><p class="first">The character collation used in communicating with the database</p>
<div class="last admonition note">
<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
<p class="last">Only used in the ‘MySQLi’ driver.</p>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><strong>swapPre</strong></td>
<td>A default table prefix that should be swapped with dbprefix. This is useful for distributed
applications where you might run manually written queries, and need the prefix to still be
customizable by the end user.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><strong>schema</strong></td>
<td>The database schema, default value varies by driver. Used by PostgreSQL and SQLSRV drivers.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><strong>encrypt</strong></td>
<td><p class="first">Whether or not to use an encrypted connection.</p>
<ul class="last">
<li><p class="first">‘sqlsrv’ and ‘pdo/sqlsrv’ drivers accept TRUE/FALSE</p>
</li>
<li><p class="first">‘MySQLi’ and ‘pdo/mysql’ drivers accept an array with the following options:</p>
<blockquote>
<div><ul class="simple">
<li>‘ssl_key’    - Path to the private key file</li>
<li>‘ssl_cert’   - Path to the public key certificate file</li>
<li>‘ssl_ca’     - Path to the certificate authority file</li>
<li>‘ssl_capath’ - Path to a directory containing trusted CA certificates in PEM format</li>
<li>‘ssl_cipher’ - List of <em>allowed</em> ciphers to be used for the encryption, separated by colons (‘:’)</li>
<li>‘ssl_verify’ - TRUE/FALSE; Whether to verify the server certificate or not (‘MySQLi’ only)</li>
</ul>
</div></blockquote>
</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><strong>compress</strong></td>
<td>Whether or not to use client compression (MySQL only).</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><strong>strictOn</strong></td>
<td>TRUE/FALSE (boolean) - Whether to force “Strict Mode” connections, good for ensuring strict SQL
while developing an application.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><strong>port</strong></td>
<td><p class="first">The database port number. To use this value you have to add a line to the database config array.</p>
<div class="last highlight-html+php notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$default</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;port&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">5432</span><span class="p">;</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
<p class="last">Depending on what database platform you are using (MySQL, PostgreSQL,
etc.) not all values will be needed. For example, when using SQLite you
will not need to supply a username or password, and the database name
will be the path to your database file. The information above assumes
you are using MySQL.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>


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